Zootechnical rules on the use of breeding production (material)

1. These Zootechnical rules are developed in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Belarus of 20 may 2013 "About breeding case in animal husbandry" (the national legal Internet portal of the Republic of Belarus, 22.05.2013, 2/2022) and govern the use of breeding production (material) with the aim of rational use of breeding production (material), realization of genetic potential in livestock.

2. For the purposes of Zootechnical rules used terms and their definitions in the meanings established by the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On breeding in animal husbandry".

3. Pedigree products (material) used for the purposes of breeding, subject to obtaining her (his) from breeding animals as well:

• conduct tagging of breeding animals, the breeding herd in the prescribed manner;
• registration in the state register of breeding animals, breeding herds included in the state information system in the field pedigree business in animal husbandry;
• confirmation of origin for ancestors of four generations of breeding (genetic) value.

4. The use of breeding production (material) imported in the Republic of Belarus may be carried out in the presence of the documents confirming the fact of receiving them from breeding animals, and of documents confirming the origin, breeding (genetic) value of breeding animals, issued in accordance with the legislation of the exporting country and recognized on the territory of the Republic of Belarus in accordance with international treaties of the Republic of Belarus.

5. The implementation and use of rearing is carried out in the presence of breeding evidence of the origin and breeding (genetic) value of breeding animals, issued in the prescribed manner.

6. The main method of breeding and reproduction of livestock is:

• in dairy cattle and pig breeding - artificial insemination of breeding stock;
• in a specialized beef cattle - use of breeding bulls or their semen for insemination of breeding stock.
• Technical device rapid production of high-value animals in cattle is embryo transfer.

7. Used for artificial insemination sperm producers, obtained in breeding farms of the Republic of Belarus, must be of the quality to meet the requirements of GOST, cum tribal manufacturers, imported to the Republic of Belarus, shall conform to the requirements of the exporting country recognised on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

8. The implementation and use of semen, breeding males are in the presence of breeding evidence and genetic breeding certificate to the manufacturer from which it is derived.

9. In case of non-confirmation of the validity of the tribal origin of the manufacturer or in the presence of genetic abnormalities sperm is not used for breeding and reproduction of livestock.

10. Use semen breeding males in the breeding stud farms where there are high value animals for breeding and obtaining repair manufacturers shall be in accordance with the plans of individual selection (fixation) of breeding males for broodstock for a period of 1 year.

11. The use of semen of tribal producers for the production of livestock in a custom (commercial) herds shall be in accordance with the plans of a group selection plan (rotation lines). Sperm breeding males assigned to broodstock custom (commercial) herds for a period of 2 years.

Plans individual rebounds are developed by state breeding service of the Ministry of agriculture, Belplemzhivobedinenie, regional breeding centers (enterprises of regions) of breeding farms and research staff of RUE "SPC NAS of Belarus for livestock." Plans of group selection are developed by the specialists of the tribal services area with the participation of specialists of enterprises.

Plans individual and group selections are approved by the chief state inspectors for breeding, respectively, of the Republic and the region.

12. The use of breeding males in a custom (commercial) herds is carried out if:

• it is impossible to organize artificial insemination;
• the herd safely on infectious diseases of animals;
• manufacturer has a breeding certificate and a genetic certificate and the manufacturer used in accordance with the plans of group selection (plans rotation lines).

13. To obtain a repair of bulls used breeding of high-value animals. Productivity potential mothers repair bulls of dairy breeds should be in 305 days of lactation, the highest of not less than 10 000 kilograms of milk, fat and protein in milk not less than 3.6 and 3.1 percent, respectively. The index of their breeding (genetic) value should exceed the average Republican population indicators of the breed and shall not be less than 110 units by complex breeding traits.

The potential father is the repair of a bull for breeding (genetic) value should exceed the average Republican population indicators of breed and at least 120 units in the complex breeding traits.

14. To obtain embryos of breeding animals are used of high-value animals. The productivity of cows-donors of dairy breeds should be in 305 days of lactation, the highest of not less than 11 000 kilograms of milk, fat and protein in milk not less than 3.6 and 3.1 percent, respectively. Breeding (genetic) value of donor-cows and bulls should not be below 120 units in the complex breeding traits.

15. The embryos of breeding animals obtained in the breeding farms are used for breeding in the presence of breeding evidence and genetic certificates for breeding animals, from which they are derived.

16. Technological farming and the use of rearing (heifers) dairy breeds provided by obtaining the average daily weight gain for the entire period of cultivation at the level of 700-750 grams, including for the period prior to 10 months of age - 800-900 grams.

17. Technology rearing of breeding bulls of dairy breeds is provided by obtaining for the period of cultivation the daily average gain at the level of 900-1000 grams.

18. Selection of heifers of dairy breeds for use in the reproduction of livestock is carried out at all stages of its growth initially at the origin, then development, reproductive ability and, at the final stage and productivity, in accordance with the adopted in the breeding farm or custom (product) stud technology.

The results of the selection it is necessary to carry out the annual entry in the main herd heifers not less than 25-30 heads per 100 cows.

19. To obtain repair breeding bulls and embryos from specialized meat breeds are used in high-value animals. The potential productivity of mothers of bulls and repair of donor-cows of meat breeds should be 1000-1200 grams per day. Breeding (genetic) value of bulls-manufacturers have to surpass the average Republican population indicators breed characteristics (productivity, vitality, reproductive and other signs).

20. Technological rearing (heifers) specialized meat breeds is provided by obtaining the average daily weight gain for the entire period of cultivation at the level of 800-850 grams, including the suckling period is 900 grams.

21. Technology rearing of breeding bulls of meat breeds is provided by obtaining for the period of growth of average daily weight gain at the level of 1000-1500 grams.

22. The main method of breeding and reproduction of livestock in pig artificial insemination of breeding stock.

23. Production of valuable (grandparent) gilts is done in breeding plants and breeding and hybrid center for pig breeding and ensured the average growth before the age of three 300-350 grams, with three - to eight-month age - 700-750 grams. The optimum age of gilts at insemination should be 8,0-8,5 months old, weighing not less than 135-140 pounds.

24. Parental gilts is done in breeding farms (pedigree reproducers, breeding and hybrid centers) or breeding herds of industrial complexes by crossbreeding parent rocks (lines) with the paternal breeds (lines).

25. Technological rearing pigs is provided by obtaining average daily gains from birth until reaching live weight 100 kg at the level of 550-600 grams.

26. Selection of gilts for use in the reproduction of livestock is carried out at all stages of its growth initially at the origin, then development, reproductive ability and, at the final stage and productivity, in accordance with the adopted in the breeding farm or custom (product) stud technology.

27. The main method of breeding and reproduction of livestock in horse breeding is the use of pedigree sires with reliable origin in relation to the ancestors of four generations with breeding (genetic) value.

28. Term use of mares in breeding farms and custom (commercial) herds an average of 16 years, stallions 20 years.

29. Given the long period of use, to prevent sibling mating required to maintain constant exchange of breeding sires on the basis of regional rotation plan within the district, region, and high-value stallions in the country and other countries.

30. Plans rotation stallions, organization and monitoring of the exchange at the regional level is provided by the state breeding service, respectively, district, region and Republic.

31. Uses a three-level organization of breeding work:

• first level - work in the breeding stud, is aimed at selection of potential mothers of stallions. Is grown high quality replacement stock, especially stallions for reproduction of the breed, picking a pedigree breeding and export sales. Reproduction of horses is carried out using artificial insemination with semen of high valuable stallions new generations;
• the second level - work in pedigree reproducers of agricultural organizations. Selection is based on in-depth breeding by breeding. Reproduction of horses is carried out using as manual mating of Queens and artificial insemination with the sperm of their breeding stallions;
• level three - work in a custom (commercial) herds with a small number of breeding horse population. Breeding ewes should be concentrated on private farms, where they are fixed and selected by the rotation system stallions-manufacturers. The young are grown and used in accordance with industry regulations. Reproduction of livestock is carried out using manual or markovoy mating mares.

32. Selection of rearing for use in the reproduction of livestock is carried out at all stages of its cultivation, initially at the origin, typicality, measurements, exterior, in subsequent years further assessed by performance (if needed for milk and meat production), reproductive ability, in accordance with the adopted in the breeding farm or custom (product) stud technology.

33. Reproduction the number of horses is provided by the increase in the structure of horse population number of horses to 30 percent and enable the stallions-producers at the rate of 1 stallion 15 mares.

34. Ancestral form of egg and meat breeds of poultry are used in breeding reproducers of the I on the basis of imported genetic material. Breeding reproducers of the I grow ancestral forms of birds and reproduce breeding products (material) parent forms of the birds on the accepted technologies in accordance with the instructions (guidance) on the content of the crosses of the exporting country recognised on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

35. Used for the reproduction of livestock, poultry breeding products (material) obtained in pedigree reproducers of the I realized and pedigree reproducers II order on the territory of the Republic of Belarus for use in the reproduction of livestock, shall meet:

the weight of hatching eggs for the reproduction of livestock, and grams:

• egg cross - 52-73;
• cold cross - 52-73;
• Turkey - 70-95;
• duck - 75-95;
• geese - 140-220;

the output of hatching eggs in the parent flock:

• on hens of egg crosses 70 per cent,
• meat crosses - 93 percent;
• Turkey - 94%.
• duck - 90 percent;
• geese - 95%;

live weight of day-old Chicks for the acquisition of breeding stock, g:

• egg crosses - 34;
• meat crosses - 34;
• Turkey - 47;
• duck - 47;
• geese - 87.

36. Used pedigree products (material) in sheep breeding, goat breeding, fur farming, rabbit breeding, beekeeping and fish farming must be purebred, confirmed by birth in the relation to ancestors four generations and have a pedigree (genetic) value.

The primary method of reproduction of fish is the use of breeding males. In fish farming the primary method of reproduction of pure-bred species of carp, salmon, sturgeon and other species is artificial insemination, in carp farming allowed natural spawning.

37. Pedigree products (material) with indicators of breeding values below the average population indices of the breed, is rejected.

38. Pedigree products (material), used for breeding in the breeding sector and in its implementation in a custom (commercial) herds for further reproduction of livestock, should have indicators of an estimation of breeding value:

• in sheep - depending on the direction of productivity type of productivity, uniformity of fleece and conformation;
• goat farming - reproduction and milk production;
• fur farming and rabbit breeding by color, quality, pubescence, length of hair, live weight, reproductive abilities;
• in beekeeping - fertility of ewes, honney- Vasoprotectives, winter hardiness and resistance to stress factors;
• farming - at resilience, weight, condition, conformation, and genetic indicators.