Breeds of pigs

There are more than one hundred breeds of pigs, depending on the productivity of their klassificeret on mesosaline, bacon, sebaceous and decorative. In the Soviet Union was dissolved 22 breeds of pigs, many of whom at home and farms of the CIS diluted now. In modern Russia there are 32 breeds of pigs that were imported from other countries, or were withdrawn as a result of selection.

Classification of breeds of pigs is carried out on grounds such as origin, body type, direction of productivity.

The origin of the pigs are divided into several groups:

• First descended from European wild boar.
• and the Second one from the Asian wild boar.
• Third mixed, combining the characteristics of European and Asian wild boars.
• Fourth – the factory dogs, obtained by artificial crossing of different species.

Depending on the physique of the pig there are four types:

• With a tough dense structure.
• With coarse loose structure.
• With soft dense structure.
• With delicate and friable structure.

Productive breeds of pigs share on:

• Versatile, with high performance and high meat qualities.
• beef and bacon, high meat qualities and the average level of performance.
• Greasy with a thick layer of fat and early salivarium carcasses.

Large white pig

Large white pig is the main percentage of the population in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, China, USA, and other countries. In Russia the first large white hog was brought from England. The animal settled down here due to such characteristics as unpretentiousness to the feed, the ability to gain weight quickly, and to give tasty and quality meat and fat.

Pigs of this breed are quite large and precocious. With proper care and feed during the year they are able to gain weight 180-210 kilograms or more. The live weight of an adult boar 370 kg, and sows – 270 kg. a sow is capable of one litter to bring 11-12 and more pigs.

Meat from white pigs are tender, juicy, delicious, sprouted fat, what it is called marble, it enjoys a good consumer demand. Is delicious and bacon products, smoked and polukopchenye products are very popular among the population.

Of course, as fat-meat products of pigs the food – they must be full of vitamins and minerals required by the pet at any time of the year and especially in winter. Large white pigs like pasture, at home or in a farm setting they need to create a place for walking, preferably with grass or low bushes.

Landrace

Pigs of Landrace – elite bacon, precocious breed distinctive features of which are lean meat and a thin layer of fat. Breed brought in the beginning of the last century in Denmark by crossing the Danish and English large white pigs.

Landrace thick mane, good meat forms, elongated body, dense and broad hams. The head is small in size with a fleshy thick neck, chest narrow, back straight. Body covered with sparse soft bristle white color, which outwardly Landrace similar to its progenitor — a large white pig, which still has large long ears hanging over the eyes.

This pig is a giant breed boars reach two metres in length with a chest girth of more than five feet, sows have a 1.6 meter length with a girth of five feet.

The live weight of Mature boar is 280-300 kg, sows – 200-220 lbs. at one time the female brings 10-12 pigs to two months to gain weight in 17-20 kg, and in three months their weight can reach 100 kg.

By all indications, the Landrace is the best homemade bacon pigs. High productive performance cannot be achieved without a warm room and healthy food. Their diet should be grains and green forage, as well as vegetables, silage, fodder, bone and fish meal, dairy products – skim milk, whey.

In addition to a warm barn for Landrace cultivation must take place for walking with grass and herbs.

Mirgorod pig

Mirgorod pig breed meat-greasy directions of productivity created in the Poltava region in Ukraine as the result of crossing the Ukrainian domestic pigs variegated colors with boars of large white, Berkshire and Tamworth breeds. It is considered a separate breed since the 1940s. Because black-and-white coloring of these animals is called Mirgorod lumpy.

Distinctive features of the Mirgorod breed of pigs are the black-and-white suit, a strong Constitution, broad chest and torso, rounded hams of moderate length.

The live weight of boars is 280-330 kg, of the sows, 200-220 kg. body Length from 165-175cm, boars, sows, 155-160 see at once the sow can bring 10 or more pigs to two months to gain weight 14 kg.

At the age of three years Mirgorod pigs have the following characteristics: weight of boars is 275 kg, body length – 170 cm, weight of sows – 217 kg, body length – 160 cm.

For breeding plants, the figures for mass and size from Mirgorod pigs is even higher – boars reach a weight of 296 kg at the length of the body 179 cm and sows – weight 238 kg with a body length of 162 cm

Vietnamese pot-bellied

Vietnamese pot-bellied pig breed native to Southeast Asia in the countries of Eastern Europe for the first time were introduced from Vietnam in 1985. Recently, the breed caught the interest of the breeders of Russia, Belarus and other CIS countries.

Pigs of this breed are characterized by rapid sexual maturity, which in females occurs in 4 months, and boars every 6 months. Representatives of this breed like to graze, I love vegetarian food, so they are called herbivores. However, apart from grass in their diet should include grains and winter forage.

The live weight of an adult wild boar at the age of 1 year is 120-140 kg adult pigs 100-120 kg.

For single farrowing pig is able to bring from 6 to 18 piglets, there are often 12. Considering that toddlers female bears on average 115 days for a year, she can bring 24 of pig.

At the age of 7-8 months, adult Vietnamese pig will weigh 75-80 kg is the normal slaughter weight pigs, the Vietnamese breed. This breed bacon direction.

Vietnamese pot-bellied pig has a wide and low body, broad chest, big drooping belly. She has a small head similar to the face of a pug. During puberty the horns begin to appear, fangs, three years later grow to 10-15 cm

Another distinctive feature of Vietnamese pigs is bristles that can reach 20 cm in length and form a "Mohawk" rising to the moment when the boar is going to intimidate the enemy, or scared himself. Vzdyblivaetsya "Mohawk" and in a moment of joy boar.

As a rule, Vietnamese pigs of the breed are black in color with white spots on head and hooves. Good manners and sociability Vietnamese pigs are the reason that they are often not bred for meat and bacon, and as Pets.

the Belarusian black-motley breed

Belarusian black-motley breed of pig is a breed of versatile, meat-fat productivity. A big plus in breeding these pigs is that they love the pastures where alone to find their own food. In addition, the Belarusian pigs have a good Constitution and fertility. The suit they have, as the name implies – black-multicolour – white, black and sometimes red spots.

Representatives of the Belarusian black-motley breed is characterized by long, deep body, light head, hanging down on eyes ears. Broad, slightly hollow back, short and strong legs, well developed hams.

Adult boar is gaining weight to 300-340 kg, the sow – 220-240 lbs. For single farrowing pig brings to 9-12 piglets that are six months to weigh 100 kg.

The breed were bred in the farms of the Byelorussian SSR by crossing local woodland species with large white, large black, Berkshire pig and Landrace.

High yields of potatoes and cereals, lots of herbs, used for fattening pigs, allowed to breed large, massive pigs with good meat and fat. The improvement of the breed and contributed to the crossing of blood with other breeds. Through a long, focused work and there was the Belarusian black-motley early-maturing pigs of high productivity.

Mangalica breed

Mangalica breed of pig was developed in Hungary in the mid 19th century, and in Russia were introduced after the second world war in 1945 – first in the Moscow region and the North Caucasus. Currently, barbecues, mostly bred in the Caucasus.

Mangalica breed, or barbecues, from the rest of his fellow distinguished by the presence of the coat, which protects them from high and low temperatures. It is noteworthy that when the content in a warm place for barbecues acquire thick hair, their hair is no different from the usual bristles of pigs. However in cold climates or when street maintenance they have thick, soft and long hair, which, moreover, slightly curls like lambs, so the grill is called a wool pig. Coat color may be different – white, black, dark red, dirty red.

Mangalica pigs of the breed are medium in size with a sturdy build, powerful legs, strong hooves.

An adult boar can weigh 160-180 kg, the sow – 120-150 kg, for once it brings only 4-6 piglets, weight at 6 months is around 65 to 70 kg.

Meat from the grill juicy, tender, delicious, low in cholesterol, so it is considered a dietary. Barbecues — fat breed, and the fat of their valued worldwide. Pigs of this breed the fat begins to be deposited quite early, at the age of 8 months, the fat thickness reaches 5-6 cm, and to 10 months – 7-9 see

The advantages of this breed are unpretentious to the conditions of detention and omnivorous. They have excellent immunity and not get sick, even without vaccination. The disadvantages of barbecues are a tendency to obesity and low fecundity.

North Caucasian breed

The North Caucasian breed pigs of meat-fat productivity. The breed was developed by the method of complex crossing of the Kuban pigs with representatives of Berkshire, short-eared white, large white breeds.

Kuban pig breeds were well adapted to the difficult climate, large temperature differences in winter and summer, had a good immunity and high fertility. However, they were late and poorly paid for the costs of maintenance.

To correct these deficiencies, they were crossed with representatives of large white breed, were used in the research and other introduced breeds of pigs. The result that was derived by the North Caucasian breed pigs.

North Caucasian pigs have a wide head, broad chest, rounded ribs, broad back, well-decorated hams, strong legs with hard hooves, a thick, soft bristles, which evenly covers the whole body, black-and-white suit. For the winter from the North Caucasus pigs appears thick undercoat, warming them in the cold.

Live weight of adult boars is 300-350 kg, sows – 250-270 kg, a sow during one farrowing 10-12 piglets brings that to 6 months gaining 100 kg weight. Champion breed named Kubanets weighed 408 kg, had a body length of 180 cm, chest girth 178 cm

In Russia the North Caucasian breed is bred in the Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Rostov and Volgograd regions. To improve the meat, the North Caucasian pigs are crossed with animals of beef breeds.

Duroc

Duroc Swine breed appeared in the result of crossing the Berkshire pigs with red Guinea. As a result of systematic and purposeful work, the Duroc breed was officially registered in the United States in 1883.

The distinctive features of pigs of Duroc breed is their red-brown color, which got them by inheritance from Guinean parents. Some individuals have observed a Golden color. Due to the unusual color, they are different from his other relatives.

Initially, the Duroc was greasy breed, but the demand for meat has forced breeders to change the type of their productivity. By crossing with animals of beef breeds and became modern meat-fat Duroc pig with excellent features carcass weight.

Pigs Duroc different strong Constitution, large size, long drooping ears forward, arched back. The legs of the Duroc strong, well-developed hams. Boars and gilts of this breed do not differ in size – the live weight of adult individuals is 300-360 kg in boars, and 240 to 300 kg in pigs.

In one litter the female is able to bring 9-11 piglets weighing 1.1 to 1.6 kg. In six months, the piglets are gaining 170-180 kg.

The advantages of pigs of Duroc breed can be attributed to excellent performance on the output of meat, its high quality and good taste, precocity piglets, calm nature. But the disadvantages of low fertility, the demands on protein feed, high disease incidence.

Siberian Northern breed

Siberian Northern breed of pigs are the universal – meat-fat type. Pigs of this breed is characterized by strong Constitution, well-built, smooth body, good growth. A straight or arched back, small head, strong legs, well developed hams.

Skin Siberian pig covered with a length of thick white or reddish bristles with undercoat that appears to winter. If not for this feature, Siberian pigs would be very similar to its relatives the large white breed and Landrace, who were involved in breeding this breed. Warm undercoat, which went to "Siberia" from unproductive, but resistant to low temperatures ancestors of aboriginal, allows them to endure extreme cold, so grow them in Siberia, in the Urals and in Kazakhstan.

The live weight of an adult boar reaches 315-360 kg, the weight of the sow – 240-260 lbs. at one time the sow brings 10-12 pigs for 7-8 months to gain weight up to 100 kg.

The advantages of Siberian pigs can also be attributed, calm, tasty, juicy meat, well-developed hams, disease resistance. Serious shortcomings they have almost none.

Anyone who plans to breed pigs, it is better to start with the purchase of piglets zoned breeds, they will have fewer problems and surprises.